Controlling or Coercive Behaviour in an Intimate or Family Relationship The Crown Prosecution Service

If the case is to be prosecuted as an evidence-led prosecution, clear instructions must be provided regarding the evidence to be relied upon. Prosecutors are reminded to consider the section below titled ‘Acceptability of Pleas’ when defendants offer pleas to some but not all offences charged. Where there is evidence of CCB in the lead up to the commission of a homicide offence such as murder or unlawful act manslaughter prosecutors should refer to the Homicide Legal Guidance to consider whether a CCB charge should be laid in addition to the substantive offence. This may involve taking several steps to minimise the likelihood of detection and punishment. Given the nature of the relationship, and the access it affords the suspect to the victim, highly sophisticated tactics to control or coerce can be deployed which can be accompanied by physical violence.

• CCB can be overlooked as victims might be seen as colluding or consenting to the behaviour.
• In particular, prosecutors should ensure they have asked the police to update information to enable accurate applications for restraining orders in appropriate cases.
• If any change is agreed upon by the committee, the change is communicated to the project team and the client, and the requirement is baselined with the change.
• In some cases, the defendant may offer a guilty plea to a different charge or plead guilty to some of the charges made against them, but not all.
• The Change Control Board will review any proposed changes from the original baseline requirements that were agreed upon with the client.

The insurance helps protect against any property damage or injury that could happen on a job site, and the bond helps protect you, the consumer, in the event that the contractor does not complete the job, you are guaranteed to receive a sum of money for what you’ve paid out. CCB can also assist in explaining the background to a specific serious incident or incidents. As a general rule, prosecutors should seek to put before the court all relevant evidence of CCB. The suspect is to be taken to have shown this if they raise sufficient evidence of the facts adduced to raise an issue with respect to them; and the contrary is not proved beyond reasonable doubt. Comments about specific definitions should be sent to the authors of the linked Source publication.

We’ve got 139 definitions for CCB »

The instructions must include views regarding decisions in relation to the acceptability of pleas. This may include what pleas, in light of the guidance above, are or are not likely to be acceptable. Where agents or counsel are instructed, they must be made aware that decisions on acceptability of pleas, issues affecting victim and witness attendance at court (including compelling their attendance) must be referred to CPS prosecutors for authorisation before a final decision is made. To present a case in a clear and simple way it may not be appropriate to charge stalking, harassment and CCB alongside one another.

There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Prosecutors should be aware of and consider the full range of ancillary orders available (and their limitations) prior to making any application. In particular, prosecutors should ensure they have asked the police to update information to enable accurate applications for restraining orders in appropriate cases. For further information regarding ancillary orders prosecutors should refer to the CPS Domestic Abuse prosecution guidance  and Sentencing Ancillary Orders legal guidance. The charge or indictment should plead each of the four elements of the offence set out in section 76. It may assist to specify in the charge how the victim and defendant are “personally connected” although this is likely to be apparent from the evidence.

Examples of CCB Rules in a sentence

Refer to the CPS Domestic Abuse prosecution guidance for further information about the gendered approach to prosecutions. The Change Control Board will review any proposed changes from the original baseline requirements that were agreed upon with the client. If any change is agreed upon by the committee, the change is communicated to the project team and the client, and the requirement is baselined with the change. The authority of the Change Control Board may vary from project to project (see e.g. Consensus-based decision making), but decisions reached by the Change Control Board are often accepted as final and binding. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.

The support and safety needs for victims should be identified from the outset and continually considered throughout the life of a case, by the police in dialogue with the prosecutor. Where available this should also be informed by any specialist support the victim is receiving. For example, through an Independent Domestic Abuse Advisor (IDVA) or an Independent Stalking Advocacy Caseworker (ISAC).

A man and members of his family jailed for controlling behaviour and servitude offences

In some cases, the defendant may offer a guilty plea to a different charge or plead guilty to some of the charges made against them, but not all. Prosecutors should refer to the Attorney General’s Guidelines on the Acceptance of Pleas and the Prosecutor’s Role in the Sentencing Exercise and paragraph 9 of the Code when determining acceptability of pleas. Prosecutors should assess the impact on the victim by recognising the cumulative impact of a pattern of abuse.

There are, however, many factors, which may influence consideration of the public interest in prosecution. In cases where the entirety or majority of the offending takes place outside England and Wales it may still be tried when committed by UK nationals and those habitually resident in England and Wales. Prosecutors should consider the impact on the victim of following, or not following, rules imposed upon them within the wider context of the relationship, where this type of behaviour has occurred within the relationship. It is not necessary for the prosecutor to prove that consequences follow, not least because the fear of consequences is just as powerful. This is intended as a tool by which to recognise a controlling or coercive relationship, rather than a ‘point to prove’.

Related prosecution guidance

Predefined project stakeholders responsible for ensuring proper management of change throughout the project. Members of the CCB should have sufficient knowledge of a project’s requirements and expected outcome (end-product) to recommend the approval or rejection of change requests. Where there has been an agreed basis between prosecutors and the defence to a plea, this should be put into writing and signed by both parties.

This means that incidents which form part of repeated or continued behaviour may be charged as part of CCB even if not all of them occur within the jurisdiction. The phrase change review board (also known by the acronym CCB) refers to any group of individuals within a project team or project group who are responsible for making the ultimate decision as to when and if any particular changes are to be made in regards to work products or schedule events. The process in which the Change Control Board determines when and if a series of changes should be made is two fold. Significant changes that will in fact affect baselines are almost always put through the CCB for approval. Advocates must be made aware of any specific victim needs, and any special measures required.

CCB Rules definition

It will assist to explain which of the two serious effects the behaviour had on the victim or if both are pleaded. Namely, fear on at least two occasions, that violence would be used or serious alarm or distress which had a substantial adverse effect of the victim’s usual day to day activities. What is important is that the defendant knows how the case is to be put, and what case they have to meet, whether it is on either or both. The behaviour alleged is likely to be apparent from the evidence but it may also assist to set this out as clearly and specifically as possible, in the first instance in the charge, or the count on the indictment (or explanatory text accompanying these), or otherwise in a case summary or prosecution note. CCB can be overlooked as victims might be seen as colluding or consenting to the behaviour.

If a contractor does not have a CCB, they cannot file for such permits, putting you and your home at risk. If permits were required, they can still be obtained at a later date, however this just means a higher cost and possible fines for you, the homeowner. Regardless of the type of project you are hiring a contractor for, you always want to choose a contractor that is licensed by the State. There are many benefits to a licensed contractor that not only protect them, their employees and their business, but you, your property and your checkbook as well.

Sample sentences with «CCB»

When there is evidence of specific incidents, such as sexual offences, violent offences or non-fatal strangulation or suffocation, CCB should usually be charged along with other offences. Where available victims should be signposted to specialist support agencies as well as statutory agencies to ensure risk management plans are put into place. Instructions to advocates, (both internal and external), must clearly set out the strategy and rationale for the charges laid and how the case is to be prosecuted.

Selecting the Most Appropriate Charge or Charges

The decision not to prosecute the single incident does not amount to a decision, let alone a representation or promise, that the suspect will not be charged with CCB. Factors affecting a CCB’s decision can include the project’s phase of development, budget, schedule, and quality goals. More information about the approach to follow can be found in the CPS Domestic Abuse prosecution guidance . It does not automatically what is ccb in project management follow that if there is sufficient evidence, there will always be a prosecution. A prosecution will usually take place unless there are public interest factors tending against prosecution that outweigh those tending in favour. Given the seriousness of domestic abuse, prosecution of controlling or coercive abuse will normally be required when the evidential requirements under the Code are met.

In some circumstances the victim may not be aware or be ready to acknowledge, least of all be ready to report, that they are being abused. Collusion or consent might be best understood as ways of coping or adapting to the abuse. Victims may also do this to try to reduce the risk that they or their children may face from the suspect. Changes in the victim’s appearance may indicate that they are subject to coercive or controlling behaviour, whether by wearing clothing or cutting hair to appease the suspect or a loss of weight. Other reasons why CCB may not be identified early or reported, include feelings of self-blame or first responders on call outs not asking the right questions to adduce the cumulative harm caused in the relationship. Prosecutors should be alert to this forming part of the history of the case when it comes to the CPS for a charging decision and ensure that they have had sight of the full risk assessment.